R.G. Collingwood wrote this passage which was published in his book “The Principles of Art” around 1938 (emphases are mine):
To begin by developing a general point already made in the preceding chapter: we must get rid of the conception of artistic ownership. In this sphere, whatever may be true of others, “property is theft.” [quotation translated from French] We try to secure a livelihood for our artists (and God knows they need it) by copyright laws protecting them against plagiarism; but the reason why our artists are in such a poor way is because of that very individualism which these laws enforce. If an artist may say nothing except what he has invented by his own sole efforts, it stands to reason he will be poor in ideas. If he could take what he wants wherever he could find it, as Euripedes and Dante and Michelangelo and Shakespeare and Bach were free, his larder would always be full, and his cookery might be worth tasting.
This is a simple matter, and one in which artists can act for themselves without asking help (which I am afraid they would ask in vain) from lawyers and legislators. Let every artist make a vow, and here among artists I include all such as write or speak on scientific or learned subjects, never to prosecute or lend himself to a prosecution under the law of copyright. Let any artist who appeals to that law be cut by his friends, asked to resign from his clubs, and cold-shouldered by any society in which right-thinking artists have influence. It would not be many years before the law was a dead letter, and the strangle-hold of artistic individualism in this one respect a thing of the past.
This, however, will not be enough unless the freedom so won is used. Let all such artists as understand one another, therefore, plagiarize each other’s work like men. Let each borrow his friends’ best ideas, and try to improve on them. If A thinks himself a better poet than B, let him stop hinting it in the pages of an essay; let him re-write B’s poems and publish his own improved version. If X is dissatisfied with Y’s this-year Academy picture, let him paint one caricaturing it; not a sketch in Punch, but a full-sized picture for next year’s Academy. I will not rely upon the hanging committee’s sense of humour to the extent of guaranteeing that they would accept it; but if they did, we should get brighter Academy exhibitions. Or if he cannot improve on his friends’ ideas, at least let him borrow them; it will do him good to try fitting them into works of his own, and it will be an advertisement for the creditor. An absurd suggestion? Well, I am only proposing that modern artists should treat each other as Greek dramatists or Renaissance painters or Elizabethan poets did. If any one thinks that the law of copyright has fostered better art than those barbarous times could produce, I will not try to convert him.
It really annoys me that if we had rational copyright laws, this book would be in the public domain. Over in Britain, Elvis is finally coming into the public domain, and this book was written well before Elvis began on his career. Ironically, this book which contains such a powerful denunciation of copyright law cannot be found on the open web, because it’s not due to come into the public domain in America until sometime around 2040. Even then, it could still become the victim of yet another Copyright Extension Act if we fail to build a strong free culture movement before that time. Sadly, this book cannot be published freely in the greatest library ever built: the World Wide Web. When it can be, I will be the first to sign up to help digitize it, it looks like an interesting read (which I don’t have time for right now b/c I should be working on finals).
This work was really ahead of its time. With his suggestion that artists avoid enforcing their copyrights, it sounds like he is suggesting an informal, radical version of Creative Commons! He also slams copyright law in general, which is a more radical position than FreeCulture.org takes, but is in line with my personal philosophy. It’s unfortunate that he referred to the “property is theft” socialist meme, since it’s best not to confuse physical property with “intellectual property” as RMS would of course remind us.
I don’t think that socialism is an inherently bad idea, it just works out to be impractical in the real world, especially for limited, rivalrous resources, limitations which do not apply in the world of ideas. Sharing with your neighbors is a much more natural activity when you don’t have to give up the object that you are sharing. (If I have an apple, and you have an apple, and we exchange apples, you only have one apple… if I have an idea and you have an idea, and we exchange ideas, we both end up with two ideas, as well as all of the intersections and syntheses of the two ideas, and we are both exponentially richer.) Art is not a zero-sum game, and artists need to realize that.
what limited resources? you buy into the myth of scarcity my friend. there are thousands of people that live solely off the things that so-called “efficient” capitalism throws away. there is no scarcity of resources, simply a scarcity of justice in their distribution.
-e
…And attempts to “justly” distribute goods tend to just end up stopping those goods from being produced in the first place.
The problem — with socialism in general and *even* with the idea of an information commons, which I support — is that you can’t treat resources like you have a magic wand and can magically distribute them rationally and justly. You can try, if you have lots of soldiers and weapons (the only way true, large-scale socialism has ever been practiced) but you’ll probably fail. Any attempt to create a system for distributing goods has to take into account people’s natural, selfish desires, and has to find a way to harness people’s talent and effort by playing into those desires. Just because (in my opinion) intellectual property as it stands is a broken way of doing so doesn’t make that principle invalid — any *other* system that said that we would encourage intellectual creativity simply by appealing to artists’ better nature and desire to create for creativity’s sake I would also say was broken.
You make a good point… of course, there are plenty of inefficiencies under a socialist regime, although anarcho-socialism/voluntary socialism is somewhat less disturbing than big government solutions like the New Deal.
The primary problem with capitalism is market failure, and how to deal with it. It’s obvious that the market fails to account for many things which have obvious value, such as clean air. How can we fix this? By the government offering pollution credits? By grassroots organizations, communities of people who care about the environment, reflecting their values in their purchases by avoiding companies that damage the environment? I prefer the latter, but the answers are unclear.
Capitalism tends to devalue anything which cannot be priced, or which cannot be sold profitably. That’s why dumpster-diving is possible.
But socialism which follows the law of “from each according to his ability, to each according to his need”, rewards those with the biggest needs and punishes the most productive. Ayn Rand is a b*tch, but she’s right on that one.
… I lost track of where I was going with this comment, so I’m going to go back to studying…
Well, without talking about socialist principles vs. capitalist principles, my major problem with Big Government Socialism is that — *whatever* the Big Government wants, whether it’s to feed the hungry or create a powerful military machine or have the greenest state parks or whatever — it’s going to be bad at it, because having a team of, say, 2000 eggheads in an office trying to figure out how to manage the economic activities of a population of 250 million is asking for trouble.
Capitalism is, ideally, the result of the general principle that sitting back and letting people do what they’re good at and negotiate among each other and so forth works out better than trying to plan everything centrally. It looks like there’s a lot of waste, yes, but having a surplus of 50 million iPods going to waste is better than the government fucking up and growing 20 million too *few* bushels of wheat and letting hundreds of thousands of people starve. It’s not a coincidence that the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China were both notable for lots of mass famine when they were at their most socialist.
Of course, capitalism doesn’t always work, and sometimes there are, as you say, really bad market failures and whichever poor sap happens to be sitting in the seat of central power has to figure out a way to deal with it — but I tend to be on the side of saying that a consistent set of bounded interventions, primarily intended to set a fair playing field rather than achieve some kind of grandiose mission, works out best. (The New Dems fit better with that than anyone else — *especially* not these psychotic excuses for Republicans we have right now.)